Financial Information for Decision Making of JB Hi-Fi Limited

Question: Examine about the Financial Information for Decision Making of JB Hi-Fi Limited. Answer: Presentation The investigation of budgetary execution and position is fundamental from the viewpoints of the financial specialists. The speculators put their cash on stake by putting resources into the companys shares in this way they ought to have comprehension of the companys money related execution and position (Needles, Powers, and Crosson, 2013). All together break down the companys money related execution, it is fundamental to evaluate the matter of the organization on four center boundaries, for example, benefit, liquidity, effectiveness, and equipping. In this specific situation, a report has been introduced here that covers the monetary examination of JB Hi-Fi Limited over the time of three budgetary years starting from 2014 and finishing on 2016. Organization Background The JB Hi-Fi Limited, headquartered in Chadstone (Australia), recorded on Australian stock trade, is a retailing organization. The organization participates in the matter of retail deals of home purchaser items through two geological sections, for example, Australia and New Zealand (JB Hi-Fi, 2016). The organization offers a scope of items which incorporates electronic items, media transmission, and cooking items. The organization was fused in the year 1974 and from that point forward it has developed complex to hold by and by 194 JB Hi-Fi stores. By and by the organization utilizes 7,814 individuals, which portrays its developing size. In the year 2016, the organization worked with all out incomes of $3.95 billion. Further, the EBIT and Operating benefit after duty of the organization were seen to be $221.2 million and $152.2 million separately (JB Hi-Fi, 2016). The adjustments in innovation have caused basic changes in the retail business everywhere throughout the world in the ongoing past years. The retail deal through stores isn't in style now after presentation of deals through online stages. Further, the opposition has got solid not in Australia however everywhere throughout the world after presentation of online deals stage. In any case, JB Hi-Fi is getting into business obtaining systems to lessen the unfriendly effect of rivalry. As of late in 2016, it has gained one of its rival in home machines to be specific Good Guys (Berry, 2016). Examination of Financial Performance The monetary presentation of the organization has been seen to be acceptable in the ongoing years as delineated from the progressive development in the incomes, benefits, and number of stores worked. Further test into the gainfulness, liquidity, proficiency, and outfitting is done as underneath: Productivity So as to evaluate the benefit of the organization, the unmistakable proportions to be specific net benefit and profit for value have been broke down. The net benefit proportion shows benefits propionate to deals (Tracy, 2012). Concerning JB Hi-Fi, the net benefit proportion for the year 2014, 2015, and 2016 have been seen as 3.67%, 3.75%, and 3.84% separately (Appendix). In this manner, it could be seen that the net benefit proportion of the organization has improved throughout the years. The expansion in net benefits proportion is the aftereffect of cost cutting. Because of expanded rivalry in the business, the organization will undoubtedly discover the cost cutting systems. Further, return on value shows benefits owing to the value proprietors proportionate to the complete investors value (Tracy, 2012). The arrival on value of JB Hi-Fi has been seen as 43.54%, 39.83%, and 37.62% for the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 (Appendix). The arrival on value is indicating descending pattern. The essential purpose behind destruction in the arrival on value is increment in the investors value over the period. The investors value has expanded from $294 million out of 2014 to $404 million of every 2016. Harvey Norman is the greatest contender of JB Hi-Fi. Looking at the gainfulness of JB Hi-Fi with Harvey Norman, it has been seen that net benefits proportion of the organization is lower than that of contender. In any case, the arrival on value of the organization is better. Harvey Norman has net benefit proportion of 12.34% while the arrival on value is 13.40% (Morningstar, 2017). Liquidity All together survey liquidity, the essential proportions, for example, current proportion and fast proportion have been figured and broke down. The current and speedy proportions show companys capacity to meet the transient obligation commitments. Higher the proportion better will be the liquidity position on the organization (Tracy, 2012). On account of JB Hi-Fi, the current proportion has been seen as 1.64, 1.62, and 1.57 occasions for the money related years 2014, 2015, and 2016 separately (Appendix). The current proportion could be seen to show the descending pattern over the timeframe. Further, the speedy proportion has been seen as 0.34, 0.36, 0.35 occasions (Appendix). The diminishing pattern in current proportion suggests corruption in the liquidity position of the organization. In any case, the current proportion of the organization is still superior to that of its rival. Harvey Norman has current proportion of 1.26 occasions which is lower than the companys current proportion of 1.64 occasions. Effectiveness The estimation of effectiveness identifies with the evaluation of administrations proficiency concerning use of benefits. The proportions, for example, receivables days, payable days, and resources turnover have been figured for this reason (Tracy, 2012). The receivable days have been seen as 7, 8, and 9 days for 2014, 2015, and 2016. The receivable days are indicating a smidgen increment which is unfriendly for the organization in light of the fact that the assets are being tied for longer time now. The payable days have been seen as 33, 32, and 36. The expansion in payable days is great for the organization since now organization is getting more credit period from the providers. The advantage turnover proportion is likewise demonstrating descending pattern. The proportion tumbled from 4.05 occasions in 2014 to 3.99 occasions in 2016 (Appendix). The abatement in the advantage turnover proportion shows corruption in the administrations effectiveness with respect to usage of the benef its ideally. Equipping/Solvency The outfitting or dissolvability suggests the companys capacity to meet the drawn out obligation commitments on schedule. For this reason, the obligation value proportion and obligation to resource proportions are viewed as appropriate to assess. The obligation to value proportion surveys the obligation propionate to value and obligation to resource proportion evaluates complete resources financed by obligation reserves (Tracy, 2012). On account of JB Hi-Fi, the obligation to value proportion has been seen as 1.92, 1.60, and 1.46 occasions for the money related years 2014, 2015, and 2016 separately. It could be seen that obligation to value proportion is diminishing over the period which shows decrease in the danger of dissolvability. Further, the obligation to resource proportion is likewise seen to be diminishing. In the year 2014, it was 0.66 occasions and went down to 0.59 occasions in the year 2016 (informative supplement). The obligation value proportion of Harvey Norman is 0.08 occasions which is route lower than that of the organization (Morningstar, 2017). Subsequently, it could be gathered that the organization is bearing more dissolvability hazard than the contender. End From the conversation in the report, it could be enunciated that the money related execution of JB Hi-Fi is moderate. The organization is developing at a moderate pace. The income and net benefits are expanding yet at moderate pace. Further, on specific boundaries the organization is falling behind its rival. The net edge of organization is lower than the contender. Further, the obligation to value proportion of the organization is higher than the contender which delineates high dissolvability chance for the organization. In any case, the way that organization has obtained one of its rivals to be specific Good Guys could give motivation to financial specialists to make interest in the companys shares. The obtaining of Good Guys is anticipated to have positive effect on the money related execution of the organization. In this manner, it is prescribed to the financial specialists to make interest in the companys shares from the transient point of view. References Berry, P. 2016. JB Hi-Fi takes showcase lead with Good Guys. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.news.com.au/account/business/breaking-news/jb-hifi-gets the-heroes/report/a181998df6d2f1f797fa2f8d28ab3f6d [Accessed on: 17 May 2017]. JB Hi-Fi. 2016. Yearly report of JB Hi-Fi Limited for 2016. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.jbhifi.com.au/Documents/2016%20JB%20Hi-Fi%20Annual%20Report_ASX.pdf [Accessed on: 17 May 2017]. Morningstar. 2017. Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd. [Online]. Accessible at: https://financials.morningstar.com/proportions/r.html?t=HVN [Accessed on: 17 May 2017]. Needles, B.E., Powers, M., and Crosson, S.V. 2013. Budgetary and Managerial Accounting. Cengage Learning. PWC. 2017. 2017 Retail drifts. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/pattern/2017-retail-patterns [Accessed on: 17 May 2017]. Tracy, A. 2012. Proportion Analysis Fundamentals: How 17 Financial Ratios Can Allow You to Analyze Any Business on the Planet. RatioAnalysis.net.

Computer Security and Biometrics Research Paper

PC Security and Biometrics - Research Paper Example It is obviously obvious from the conversation that because of intermittent mechanical turns of events, data and correspondence innovation every now and again occupies in new measurements. The innovative work with regards to data and correspondence innovation is powerful. Additionally, the new and propelled type of innovation has likewise encouraged vulnerabilities and dangers to be increasingly astute. Associations require propelled assurance and security from these dangers and vulnerabilities. So as to ensure data resources, associations stress on actualizing legitimate and physical controls to secure and make sure about authoritative resources. Security issues can prompt a wide range of viewpoints. For instance, if the server containing client information is penetrated, association will lose its believability and trust among the client and that will bring about business misfortune. So also, if a basic framework is hacked by inward or outside sources, organization’s monetary information alongside objectives and destinations can be uncovered to different contenders. For making sure about intelligent and physical dangers, associations execute firewalls to send bundle separating, disposing of infections and malevolent codes, interruption discovery framework to constantly detect the conduct of the system, biometric frameworks for physical confirmation of representatives, occurrence reaction groups to recuperate the misfortune on prompt premise and IP cameras to screen their basic data resources on the system. Framework Security according to (Dhillon 451), there are three sorts of controls that will address the three frameworks for example formal, casual and specialized. Case of every last one of these is shown as: Formal control: Modifying association structure Informal control: Security mindfulness Technical control: Restricting unapproved get to Formal controls give help to specialized controls, as they oversee and address issues of honesty in application and information that may prompt high hazard and cost. Similarly, so as to oversee formal controls, task of occupations and obligations is imperative, as this assignment of obligations and duties will set arrangement with business goals. Formal controls are related with the board perspective that will convey vital security the board rehearses. The security the board will choose representatives from all branches of the association where vital. Besides, the security the board will address information assurance enactments, security reviews, administrative consistence, lawful and protection issues, recruiting rules for workers, unfortunate behavior, hazard evaluation, occurrence the executives and reaction and so on. Casual controls are related with security mindfulness programs considered as the financially savvy apparatus used to mindful representatives for ‘do’s and don’ts’ while getting to information or data assets. As hazard condition is continually chan ging, a far reaching instruction and security mindfulness program is critical that will lead occasional mindfulness meetings for new representatives, or new innovation or any important hazard that should be tended to. Subsequently, the security mindfulness program ought to be considered as a ‘common conviction system’ (Dhillon 451). Ultimately, the specialized control that isn't constrained to verification of a client alongside doling out legitimate rights on an application or working framework. So as to apply privacy to information, encryption, hashing, encoding techniques are received by association. Moreover, keen card is the most famous one (Dhillon 451). In addition,

A Jamaican music Essay Example For Students

A Jamaican music Essay A Jamaican music class which started from the otherwise known as and soared. The word reggae implies clothes, worn out. This additionally mean battered move music. The music style of reggae has an unconventional beat, timed, and staccato harmonies. Reggae music use additionally stringed instruments like guitar, bass and piano. For the percussion, reggae use catch drums and tomato drums. Horns are additionally utilized like the saxophone, trumpet and trombone. A portion of the verses of reggae talk about affection and some of the time about applauding God. There were verses composed to bring cognizance up in cross section issues and national bigotry. Instances of reggae melody: 1 . Since a long time ago Shot Kick The Buckets by the Pioneers 2. Roots Rock Reggae by Bob Marble 3. The Harder They Come by Jimmy Cliff Punk methods tenderfoot or fledgling It is an awesome music created during the ass. It was begun from the carport rock and pronouns music. Punk music just uses straightforward tune and basic harmonies. Verses intermittently relate to political and social issues. Instruments utilized are guitars, piano and drums. In hard rock music, electric guitar is featured. Instances of hard rock music: 1 . Flight of stairs To Heaven and Whole Lotto Love by Led Zeppelin 2. Suspicious by Black Sabbath Glam Rock Sometimes alluded to as glitz rock. A melodic style where entertainers wear breathtaking and lavish ensembles, overwhelming otherwise known as up and hairdo. It has different melodic styles. The music is performed with different styles running from Hollywood marvelousness, sci-fi and dream impacts, to otherworldliness and folklore. Not many of the well known glitz rock and performers: 1. Eastman and Life on Mars by David Bowie 2. Blockbuster by The Sweet Progressive Rock Also known as Prop and is additionally alluded to as traditional stone. This style of music is started from United Kingdom. Dynamic music don't follow the formal well known arrangement of section theme stanza kind of sythesis. This style got well known during the ass. Well known names related with prop music are: 1. Pink Flood 2. Jotter Tulle 3. The Moody Blues 4. Emerson Palmer Heavy Metal Another class of exciting music that created during the late ass to early ass. Substantial metal groups produce a sounds that are monstrous, thick, and portrayed by profoundly enhanced twisting, unequivocal mood, and for the most part boisterous sounds. The verses and execution style are regularly connected with manliness and animosity. Some celebrated overwhelming metal specialists and their mainstream works: 1 . Flight of stairs To Heaven by Led Zeppelin 2. Smoke on The Water by Deep Purple 3. Fight and Fuel by Metallic

A Life Changing Story - Free Essay Example

Apple Speech June 10, 2010 On September 20, 2002 I bought my first classic pink iPod. On October of 2005, I bought my first iPod Nano in yellow. Last summer, I bought my first laptop computer, the Macbook Pro, and my first iPod touch. Wow! I have shared many of my first experiences with Apple and I am your loyal customer, and I, Ana Plascencia, am truly honored to be given the opportunity to address you (the men and women) who have contributed to the success of the Apple and who have contributed to my success in high school. Lets face it your ingenious technology assisted me with my homework and research projects, allowed me to compose my own music, and allowed me to gain exposure to the outside world. You are the greatest innovators in the world, and you have been important to me because simply through your products you helped me succeed through high school and you have helped me make some of my dreams come true. From an early age my mother inspired me to use values such as passion, perseverance, and discipline to make my dreams a reality. My mother always says that the mind puts limits on one’s dreams, but the heart has the power to overcome those limits and make those dreams come true. I have seen, in my mother and myself, this power of will to persevere and to strive to be greater than one thinks they can be. But I have also come to realize the deeper and truer meaning of my mother’s saying. My mother emigrated from Mexico and raised me by herself with little education and little understanding of the English language. I believe strength and love motivated her as she worked three jobs, seven days a week earning no more than nine twenty-five an hour. At the age of six, I began to work several times a week at restaurants and community events as a Mariachi singer thanks to an uncle of mine who taught me how to play this great music from an early age. I performed for several hours during the weekends, earning as much as fifty dollars an hour, in order to help my mother make ends meet for the both of us. I loved Mariachi music then and still do now. But as I look back, I’m am struck by key values such as working diligently and disciplinarily, along with the power of knowledge – a power of the mind – that also enabled me to help support my family even from a young age. As I grew older, I saw that my mother, too, recognized that passion and working diligently were important, but by themselves they were not enough to fulfill one’s dreams. Along with passion and hard work, she believed the power of knowledge was a crucial key to realizing one’s goals. She worked very hard so that I could go to school, to study, so that I might accomplish my dreams. But my mother and I didn’t have the same vision at that time. I thought that by working and being focused on making money I could easily help support my mother. But my mother had bigger dreams for me; she knew that an education was crucial for my future. She knew that I needed to have an education to open new doors and have the opportunities she didn’t have. Of course this tension between my mother’s dreams for herself and her dreams for me was not something I reflected upon until later. My mother also instilled in me a dedication to my family and my community. Therefore at Mitty I got involved because it is was important for me to explore and take advantage of the opportunities offered at Mitty. I was president of the Latin American Student Union, which enabled me to celebrate and share the diverse Latin American cultures with the Mitty community. I was also a Mitty ambassador and an active member of campus ministry. In my local community, my passion for helping younger generations develop and strengthen their skills in reading lead me to co-found the S. T. A. R. S. reading program where I tutor children from low-income families and ignite in them the love for learning. Attending Mitty gave me the confidence to co-fund this program and help make a difference in a child’s life, who through reading obtained confidence and a power of knowledge. My dedication for serving my community and my passion for learning have successfully transformed me into the young lady I am today. Today, this young lady that stands before you just graduated a few weeks ago from Archbishop Mitty High School, thanks to a scholarship that awarded me with the opportunity to attend a college-preparatory institution. The young lady that stands before you is a now a proud woman who will be the first in her family to attend college and who will be attending Wellesley College in Massachusetts this upcoming fall to obtain a dual degree in biochemistry and biomedical engineering so that I may train to become a medical doctor. My dream to become a doctor began when I started volunteering at the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, and was touched after a special incident. During mid-July of 2008, I was handed a set of personal history questions and asked to interview Spanish-speaking patients. I wasn’t worried about having to translate because I expected the questions to be rather basic, but they were deeply serious. The patient I interviewed was Mrs. G. Mrs. G was a forty-five-year old, obese, Hispanic woman suffering from diabetes. The first few questions were neutral enough, but then I translated, â€Å"have you attempted or have thought of attempting suicide because of your health condition? † To my surprise, Mrs. G said, â€Å"Yes. † Then I had to ask Mrs. G if her health condition made her feel useless, insignificant, or invaluable, and again she responded, â€Å"Yes†. Suddenly her face was covered with a flood of tears, and she began to plead for my help. She wanted me, a fifteen-year-old girl, to help her restore not only her health, but also her faith in life. At that moment I became frustrated and upset. I felt useless. I felt insignificant. The only thing I knew to do was to give her a hug and tell her with all my heart that everything was going to be okay. But I knew that was not enough. How could I restore her desire to live if I didn’t have the knowledge or skills to make her healthy? Ever since this incident I felt powerless. The idea that I could help and make a difference in an individual’s life through being a doctor was exciting. But at that moment I also understood I didn’t just wanted to be a doctor, I wanted to travel the world and offer pro bono healthcare to people who lacked the resources. I also wanted to be a doctor who gives inspiration and desires of hope. I believe that with this education I can follow my heart and be truly useful to my family and my community. If you had met me 5 to 6 years ago, my accomplishments would not have seemed possible or even realistic because I lacked the confidence to believe that a single individual can lead and change the world, especially if that individual was a minority with little money. Now I understand that I am as capable as anyone else to become a leader for my community and I have the power to transform the world I live in. All of you present here today, are successful  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬(businessmen and businesswoman) you have realized some of your dreams and have overcame all obstacles to achieve your success. I know that the journey you had to experience to achieve success was difficult, but you have an education, an extraordinary job, and a great future ahead of you. More importantly I feel honored to stand before men and women who have the power to affect so many lives through the Apple products. In all you are, and all you must have done to be where you are, you have the power to make a difference in people’s lives. Don’t limit yourself; and try to be the best you can be because you have the opportunity to continue to deepen your knowledge, achieve personal growth, and make a difference in your communities. You see, just four years ago, I was given the opportunity to change my life by attending Mitty, but I was naive and close-minded. I was afraid. I was afraid that by attending Mitty and striving to follow a different path than my neighborhood friends, I would have to leave behind my identity and betray my culture. I was afraid of being successful because in the neighborhood I grew up in, Mexicans never amounted to anything important which caused me to believe that I would fail like everyone around me did. I truly lost a sense of who I was and who I wanted to be. It may come as a surprise to you, but during middle school I was involved with gangs. Although I wanted to run away from the neighborhood I grew up in and I wanted to change who I was at that time, I was afraid that I could never become a better person. I had big dreams, but I was afraid that I would always be that person somehow. But in the end I realized that my past didn’t have to define me and that I could change today and be the person I wanted to be. I realized I couldn’t let this opportunity go away and that I at least had to try to change. In the end I realized that because of my fear I was creating excuses and setting limitations for myself, but that in order to grow, I needed to find the courage to overcome my fears. Many of you may be wondering, what motivated me to leave behind my fears and pursue a different path? What motivated me to overcome by own limitations? My family was a key factor, but I was most enlightened to change my path after a visit to Guadalajara, Mexico. A few weeks before the deadline for registration at Mitty, I traveled to Mexico during the summer. During my trip, I was shocked by the poor conditions my family members lived in. In my families’ nearby ranchitos (small towns), I saw children walking barefooted with ripped clothing begging on the dirt road in the rural countryside. As I saw the look of the children’s faces, I began to picture myself as the child begging on the dirt road. At the moment I understood why my mother worked as hard as she did and encouraged me to strive for greatness. At that moment I began to appreciate the food, the shelter, and the life my mother provided for me in the U. S. My trip to Guadalajara also taught me to value education. In the rural countryside in Guadalajara, I met an older cousin named Roxana; she is the second youngest of her six siblings. At the time, she had graduated from high school 3 years ago, but had to abandon her dream of becoming a physician because her family lacked the financial resources to pay for college. Roxana sacrificed her own dream to help her family survive. Once I heard my cousin’s story I felt insignificant. I felt ashamed of who I was at the time and how I was wasting my life because I knew that my cousin would have given everything she had to have the opportunities I did. At that point, I felt as if God was purposely rescuing me and offering me a second chance by blessing me with the scholarship. Almost instantly, my anxiety and fears washed away and I was ready to join the Mitty Monarch family. Well you may be wondering if my cousin ended up accomplishing her dream, and she did. After dedicating herself four years to work for the survival of her family, Roxana was awarded with a four-year scholarship that enabled her to pursue her dream. The hunger Roxana demonstrated to break free from the cycle of poverty, motivated me to also break free from my past and attend Mitty. My experience at Mitty was one of the most difficult experiences of my life. When I began my education at Mitty I was not very good at speaking English. I was an outcast. I entered a new environment where I experienced a culture shock because more than 56% of the student body was white and only 10% was Hispanic at that current time. In addition I didn’t know anyone, I wasn’t catholic, I didn’t know the rules, and I felt imprisoned in a complete different world where it was hard adjusting emotionally, physically, and mentally. After spending the first month eating in a bathroom stall and preventing myself from integrating into the Mitty community, I said enough and I found the courage to break my shell. I had to work hard everyday and even though I grew tired of having to fit in and adjust to the workload, I couldn’t let anything or anyone stop me. I was given an opportunity to become an educated and well-rounded person, and how could I not do it, I couldn’t let myself down. Despite the rigid workload and the many sleepless nights, Mitty truly transformed my entire life. I am intellectually competent and a leader of the Mitty community, but I am also a young lady who is passionate for social justice. In my four-year experience at Mitty, many didn’t believe I would make it. Many didn’t believe I even deserved to be given an opportunity such as attending a private high school with a full ride. Thanks to the support of my teachers, my counselors, my principal, and friends, I learned to believe in myself and that was all I needed to continue to fight. I am greater than I ever thought I could be, and I know I ill continue to grow as I begin a new stage of my life in college. If I am successful, it is my heartfelt belief that my success will be by some combination of heart and mind. Passion and love may drive the values of sacrifice, hard work, and dedication, but insight, thought and knowledge will focus those values into the actions needed to realize my goals. Insight, thought, and knowledge along with hard work and dedication are values th at have helped you realize your own goals. You work in an extraordinary environment where your work each day transforms the world we live in. You are leading the way towards a future full of opportunities and new discoveries. My only wish is that from my speech today you remember two things. First, take advantage of the limitless opportunities Apple offers. These opportunities will allow you to deepen your knowledge, realize your greater potential, and become empowered to not only to achieve the seemingly impossible, but also achieve personal balance in your overall success. You are all already successful businessmen and businesswomen, but don’t feel afraid to take an extra step to find new, innovative ways to contribute to Apple. And finally, I feel privileged to have shared my story with such a special breed of people who can make such a difference because of all of the opportunities you have that others don’t. I think you have power and you can pay it forward to others in our society. Look at how my life changed because one school believed in me and took a chance, and each one of you has the power to do the same. This is why I am so excited to be here with you, you are truly the greatest innovators in the world, and you can do whatever you set your mind to because you have the power. Thank you.

Animal Rights And Human Rights - 1808 Words

The idea that animals have rights seems to be heavily agreed on by a large majority of scholars whom have studied this topic. However, what comes into question is understanding the severity and range of these rights. How do we determine the level of animal rights? How do we understand animal rights in relation to human rights? This paper aims to address these questions by showing that animals have the basic rights to live a life without harm, but cannot have equal rights to humans because of our dependence on them and their inability to reason and communicate with humans. Let’s start with how humans think and then we will create a connection between human and emotion and how animals feel. Humans are sentient beings, meaning they feel a wide range of emotions, including happiness and pain. In general, we try to fill our lives with as much happiness as possible while avoiding pain whenever we can. Peter Singer, a lifetime philosopher and advocate of animal rights, states that animals are sentient beings as well (Singer 33). This means that animals have the same interests in living a life of happiness and void of pain, just as humans do. Assuming Singer’s statement to be true, we can now state that animals feel happiness and pain, just as humans do. Now that we know that animals feel happiness and pain, we will show that humans should not put animals through unnecessary pain. One of the hallmarks of human rights is that one human should never harm another. When this right isShow MoreRelatedAnimal Rights And Human Rights923 Words   |  4 Pages Animal Rights â€Å"Nearly as many, 68 percent, were concerned or very concerned about the well-being of animals used in ‘sports’ or contests as well as animals in laboratories (67 percent) (Kretzer, 1).† Many people question whether an animal is capable of thought and emotions. 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In my case, I believe that is not the only solution, for animals to be safe people need to realize it’s their fault animals are put through suffrage. Animal’s lives are put on the line due to the actions of human beings. Animals do not need rights to be protected. Human beings needRead MoreShould Animals Be Granted The Rights And Protection Of Humans?1152 Words   |  5 PagesIf animals are so different from humans, then why should they be granted the rights and protection of humans as stated in our Constitution (Hurley, 1999, p. 49)? As the Bible states in Genesis 1:26, â€Å"And God said... Let them [human beings] have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth,†(â€Å"ProCon.org†, 2015). Mankind has rule over animals, to respect them a nd love them, but also to use them as necessary (Harnack, 1996). The American

What Extent Do Liberals Support Democracy - 712 Words

To what extent do liberals support democracy (45 marks) Democracy is the ultimate political form of ideological liberalism. It refers to the ideal form of state, and is common to both classical and modern liberals. In the 19th century, liberals often saw democracy as threatening or dangerous. Political theorists such as Plato and Aristotle viewed democracy as being a system of rule at the expense of wisdom and property. The principle that the will of the majority should prevail over the minority may have negative effects. In Northern Ireland, a very divided religious country, if the 51% get their way, the other 49% will be in outrage. Democracy thus comes down to the rule of the 51%, as French politician Alexis De Tocqueville†¦show more content†¦Therefor although citizens may vote for a leader, they will then make decisions based on a small number of peoples view for the majority of the people. The minority ruling the majority. However a reason why liberals support democracy is that it shows each individual is equal- one vote per person, gives everyone equal influence on how countries governed. Since voting is done individually, it constraints the collective pressures of groups within society. To conclude, liberals are now staunch advocates of democracy as it provides personal development, consent and all individuals are equal. Modern liberals embrace democracy, but only in the specific liberal form. They reject other forms of democracy, which may be less pluralist or more participatory, as downrightShow MoreRelated The Rise of Universal Liberal Values? Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rise of Universal Liberal Values? Democracy is one thing, and constitutional liberalism quite another. In the inexorable march of modernity, Fareed Zakaria argues in The Rise of Illiberal Democracy, the message of constitutional liberalism has gotten lost in the clamor for democracy. 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Nursing practice for the assessment of pain - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Nursing practice for the assessment of pain. Answer: Introduction Intubation refers to the medical procedure that in false insertion of a tube inside the body of a patient. Management of the airways is a commonly performed process in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), which results in emergency and planned intubation in critically ill patients (Griesdale et al., 2012). Moderate to severe pain is a common health disturbance experienced by most patients in the ICU. Inadequate assessment and management of pain among these patients increases the rates of mortality and morbidity (Alderson Mckechnie, 2013). Therefore, this topic has been selected for analysis in order to identify the best nursing practices that can reduce pain among intubated patients, thereby improving their health outcomes. Discussion Critical Evaluation The study conducted by Ayasrah et al., (2014) focused on identifying the pain indicators and their effectiveness. One major advantage is that it considered patients who were adults and were placed under mechanical ventilation for a minimum time period of 72 hours, to prevent misleading results. Owing to the fact that critically ill patients are often unable to decide for themselves and lose the power of speech, the researchers demonstrated a correct step in obtaining consent from their family members, who acted as the decision makers (Schenker et al., 2012). Furthermore, categorization of the collected medical records on the basis of non observable, and observable indicators and response to pain treatment was an accurate step. Using SPSS software package gave exact percentage and frequencies for all pain related indicators (Kanda, 2013). It suggested that use of recognised pain scale is the most essential nursing practice that needs to be implemented in ICU. However, major limitation s were associated with consideration of only three hospitals, which might have contributed to a selection bias (Elwert Winship, 2014). In addition, failure to include information on the methods that are implemented for obtaining self reports of pain was another drawback. On the other hand another systematic review conducted by Varndell, Fry Elliott (2017) examined suitability and psychometric properties of pain instruments for using non verbal critically ill patients. Use of key search terms and inclusion of 26 studies for the review was also adequate. Using the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) helped in systematically examining the reliability, trustworthiness and relevance of the articles (Zeng et al., 2015). Inclusion of studies conducted across various countries assisted in eliminating selection or population bias (Mangin et al., 2012). Furthermore, assessing the reliability and validity of all instruments mentioned in this study provided comprehensive results. 1 major advantage of the review can be related to identification of 5 observational pain assessment tools, namely, CPOT, BPS, PAINAD, FLACC and NVPS (Stites, 2013). Furthermore, it also emphasized on use of appropriate observational pain assessment tools to improve its management for intubated adult patients in ICU. Strongest evidence for the use of CPOT increases its importance in nursing practice (Herr et al., 2012). However, some drawbacks were associated with data extraction being carried out by one author, variation in detail and quality of description of the instruments, and exclusion of un-reported researches. Additionally, a cohort study conducted by Rijkenberg et al., (2015) compared the validity and reliability of the CPOT (Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool) and BPS (Behavioral Pain Scale) pain observation tools up on mechanically ventilated patients in ICU. Inclusion of adult patients who had been in ICU for more than 12 hours, under mechanical ventilation and inability to self report the pain status was a correct method owing to previous findings with suggested success of CPOT and BPS in assessing pain (Keane, 2013). Data extraction using patient clinical information helped in providing accurate medical records. Training the ICU nurses to use the 2 pain assessment tools helped them to gain a sound understanding of the procedure. Using SPSS software and Cronbachs coefficient was also an accurate step (Bonett Wright, 2015). The results suggested that CPOT is a more preferable tool. However some limitations are associated with failure to blind the nurses to the study, completion of BP S first that could affect data, small number of patients in final analysis and failure to translate and validate the two instruments in Dutch, which might have contributed to misleading results (Hrbjartsson et al., 2012) (Marshall et al., 2013). Critical observation Health assessment is usually regarded as the first phase in nursing practice where nurses are expected to use their clinical expertise and knowledge to express care for their clients (Shehabi et al., 2012). Pain is a common experience among intubated patients in the ICU, and gets aggravated by factors such as invasive procedure, stage of health disorder and surgical intervention (Herr et al., 2012). It acts as a source of suffering and creates a long-term imprint on such patients. During my clinical placement, I had been selected to work with post -operative patients on intubation, in the ICU. Most of the patients were under continuous infusion of analgesics and sedatives. There were 2 patients in ICU, following an operation for intestinal obstruction. Nasogastric intubation was administered to the patients for nutritional support and aspiration of the stomach contents. However, I found them to be extremely restless and demonstrated non-compliance with the intubation tube. This significantly increased their pressure. The patients were found to move to their extremities restlessly and also showed facial grimaces. Initially, with the help of a co-worker I tried to reassure the patients by talking to them. However, their gestures suggested that they were facing physical discomfort due to severe abdominal pain. I immediately notified it to the ICU doctor and raised my concern that absence of adequate pain management techniques could be the reason for their restlessness and agitation. The doctor agreed on the possibility and instructed the nurse-in-charge to assess their pain. Extensive study of literature, has worked towards establishing the reliability of CPOT on assessing pain in ICU patients (Buttes et al., 2014). The nurse was found to use the CPOT tool and she began observing their facial expressions and body movements. She also recorded their comp liance with the intubation and scored it as per the scale provided. I observed the nurse to move the patient's arms and recorded the level of resistance that was displayed, following the advice by the senior RN. Furthermore, the body and facial indicators of pain were also recorded, while turning the patients on their sites. This was followed by adding up all the scores which helped the nurse to determine the total score for both the patients. While in one patient had a score of 6, the other had a total score of 8. High scores in both the patients indicated that they were suffering from severe pain and needed immediate pharmacological or non pharmacological intervention. Thus, my critical observation suggests that the nurse demonstrated an accurate practice as CPOT tool has been recommended by research studies, for the assessment of pain severity among non-verbal and critically ill patients (Linde et al., 2013). Adherence of the concerned nurse to the best practice can be further illustrated by the fact that evaluation of muscle tension, body movement, facial expression and compliance has been identified as the best parameters that can determine severity of pain, according to international c linical guidelines (Buttes et al., 2014). Thus, the placement helped in establishing the fact that pain assessment and its measurement is major vital sign that needs to be recorded in nursing practice in order to improve health outcomes of patients. Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that pain assessment is crucial to implementation of optimal pain management interventions. Critical evaluation of the three articles and the reflection during clinical placement emphasizes on the use of CPOT tool in assessing pain among critically ill patients, under incubation in Intensive Care units. This will help in measuring the severity of the ear pain and administer appropriate pharmacological or non pharmacological interventions. References Alderson, S. M., Mckechnie, S. R. (2013). Unrecognised, undertreated, pain in ICUcauses, effects, and how to do better. Open Journal of Nursing, 3(01), 108. Ayasrah, S. M., ONeill, T. M., Abdalrahim, M. S., Sutary, M. M., Kharabsheh, M. S. (2014). Pain assessment and management in critically ill intubated patients in Jordan: a prospective study. International journal of health sciences, 8(3), 287 Bonett, D. G., Wright, T. A. (2015). Cronbach's alpha reliability: Interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and sample size planning. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 3-15. Buttes, P., Keal, G., Cronin, S. N., Stocks, L., Stout, C. (2014). Validation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool in adult critically ill patients. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 33(2), 78-81. Elwert, F., Winship, C. (2014). Endogenous selection bias: The problem of conditioning on a collider variable. Annual Review of Sociology, 40, 31-53. Griesdale, D. E., Liu, D., McKinney, J., Choi, P. T. (2012). Glidescope video-laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthsie, 59(1), 41-52. Herr, K., Bursch, H., Ersek, M., Miller, L. L., Swafford, K. (2012). Use of pain-behavioral assessment tools in the nursing home: expert consensus recommendations for practice. Journal of gerontological nursing, 36(3), 18-29. Hrbjartsson, A., Thomsen, A. S. S., Emanuelsson, F., Tendal, B., Hilden, J., Boutron, I., ... Brorson, S. (2012). Observer bias in randomised clinical trials with binary outcomes: systematic review of trials with both blinded and non-blinded outcome assessors. Bmj, 344, e1119. Kanda, Y. (2013). Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software EZRfor medical statistics. Bone marrow transplantation, 48(3), 452. Keane, K. M. (2013). Validity and reliability of the critical care pain observation tool: a replication study. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e216-e225. Linde, S. M., Badger, J. M., Machan, J. T., Beaudry, J., Brucker, A., Martin, K., ... Roy, R. D. N. (2013). Reevaluation of the critical-care pain observation tool in intubated adults after cardiac surgery.American Journal of Critical Care,22(6), 491-497. Mangin, B., Siberchicot, A., Nicolas, S., Doligez, A., This, P., Cierco-Ayrolles, C. (2012). Novel measures of linkage disequilibrium that correct the bias due to population structure and relatedness. Heredity, 108(3), 285-291. Marshall, B., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., Fontenot, R. (2013). Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: A review of qualitative interviews in IS research. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 54(1), 11-22. Rijkenberg, S., Stilma, W., Endeman, H., Bosman, R. J., Oudemans-van Straaten, H. M. (2015). Pain measurement in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: behavioral pain scale versus critical-care pain observation tool. Journal of critical care, 30(1), 167-172. Rose, L., Haslam, L., Dale, C., Knechtel, L., McGillion, M. (2013). Behavioral pain assessment tool for critically ill adults unable to self-report pain. American Journal of Critical Care, 22(3), 246-255. Schenker, Y., Crowley-Matoka, M., Dohan, D., Tiver, G. A., Arnold, R. M., White, D. B. (2012). I dont want to be the one saying we should just let him die: intrapersonal tensions experienced by surrogate decision makers in the ICU. Journal of general internal medicine, 27(12), 1657-1665. Shehabi, Y., Bellomo, R., Reade, M. C., Bailey, M., Bass, F., Howe, B., ... Sedation Practice in Intensive Care Evaluation (SPICE) Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. (2012). Early intensive care sedation predicts long-term mortality in ventilated critically ill patients. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 186(8), 724-731. Stites, M. (2013). Observational pain scales in critically ill adults. Critical care nurse, 33(3), 68-78. Varndell, W., Fry, M., Elliott, D. (2017). A systematic review of observational pain assessment instruments for use with nonverbal intubated critically ill adult patients in the emergency department: an assessment of their suitability and psychometric properties. Journal of clinical nursing, 26(1-2), 7-32. Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., Kwong, J. S., Zhang, C., Li, S., Sun, F., ... Du, L. (2015). The methodological quality assessment tools for preclinical and clinical studies, systematic review and meta?analysis, and clinical practice guideline: a systematic review. Journal of evidence-based medicine, 8(1), 2-10.